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Vitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Vitamins, minerals and nutrients that need extra attention on a fully plant-based diet, plus common general supplements.

A selection of vegan vitamin and mineral supplements alongside whole plant foods
Vitamins, minerals and nutrients that need extra attention on a fully plant-based diet, plus common general supplements.

Explore Vitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

22 published entries in this Natural Library category.

Fresh broccoli and raw nuts on a cream surfaceVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Chromium

The single best-evidenced complementary intervention in this cluster, per one major review.

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Raw pumpkin seeds and dark leafy greensVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Magnesium

A deficiency-correction story rather than a general standalone intervention.

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Dark green spinach leaves and raw broccoli floretsVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Alpha-Lipoic Acid

Real evidence for insulin sensitivity — a distinct, weaker question from its popular neuropathy use.

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A watermelon rind cross-section beside a glass of pale pink juiceVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

L-Citrulline

An amino acid the body converts into L-arginine, the raw material for nitric oxide — the same vessel-relaxing signal PDE5 inhibitor drugs work by preserving.

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Walnuts and pumpkin seeds scattered on cream clothVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

L-Arginine

The direct precursor the body uses to make nitric oxide, with a genuinely solid double-blind RCT in vasculogenic ED.

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Oysters on the half shell beside raw pumpkin seedsVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Zinc

A clear mechanistic role in testosterone production — genuinely useful for correcting deficiency, not a general booster.

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A glass jar of layered fermented vegetables beside a glass of yogurtVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Probiotics

"Probiotics" as a blanket category is too broad to be useful — the real, reproducible evidence is strain-specific.

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A simmering pot of golden bone broth with steamVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Glucosamine & Chondroitin

Likely the best-selling joint supplement category in the world — the recent evidence doesn't match the reputation.

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A glass softgel capsule with deep green-gold oil beside strands of algaeVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Algae Oil (Plant-Based Omega-3)

The direct, plant-based source of the same long-chain omega-3s found in fish oil — because algae, not fish, is where they actually originate.

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A bottle of fermentation-derived vegan vitamin B12 supplement tabletsVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Vitamin B12 (Vegan Supplementation)

Cobalamin

An essential nutrient that occurs reliably only in animal-derived foods, making fortified foods or supplementation a genuine requirement -- not an optional add-on -- for anyone eating a fully plant-based diet.

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A vegan vitamin D3 supplement bottle sourced from lichenVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Vitamin D3 (Lichen-Derived, Vegan)

Cholecalciferol

Most vitamin D3 supplements are made from lanolin, a byproduct of sheep's wool, making them unsuitable for a vegan diet -- lichen offers a plant-based source of the identical D3 molecule rather than the less-effective D2 alternative.

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A bottle of vegan algal-oil omega-3 softgel supplementsVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Algal Omega-3 (Vegan DHA/EPA)

Docosahexaenoic acid / eicosapentaenoic acid, from microalgae

Fish get their DHA and EPA from the microalgae they consume; algal oil supplements draw from that same original source directly, giving vegans and vegetarians a genuine, bioequivalent alternative to fish oil rather than a weaker substitute.

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Oats, lentils, garlic, onions, leeks, apples, and chicory root representing prebiotic fiber foodsVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Prebiotic Fiber (Vegan Food Sources)

Prebiotic fibers like inulin feed beneficial gut bacteria and are naturally abundant in a plant-based diet -- but the effective doses used in research are well above typical intake, and ramping up too quickly is a well-documented cause of real digestive discomfort.

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Sauerkraut, coconut yogurt, tempeh, and a probiotic supplement bottle representing vegan probiotic sourcesVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Probiotics (Strain-Specific Evidence & Fermented Foods)

Fermented foods and "probiotics" are commonly treated as interchangeable, but NCCIH is explicit that a genuine probiotic claim requires strain-specific identification and clinical testing that most fermented foods, including sauerkraut and tempeh, were never actually put through.

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Calcium-set tofu, leafy greens, and sesame seeds representing vegan calcium sourcesVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Calcium (Vegan Food Sources & Bioavailability)

Calcium

A fully plant-based diet can easily meet calcium needs, but the amount of calcium listed on a nutrition label isn't the amount the body actually absorbs -- oxalates and phytates make some vegetables far less useful calcium sources than others.

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Leafy greens, legumes, nuts, and seeds representing magnesium-rich vegan foodsVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Magnesium (Vegan Food Sources)

Magnesium

Magnesium is genuinely well-supplied by a varied plant-based diet -- the NIH does not list vegans among its identified at-risk groups for magnesium deficiency, making this one nutrient where "eat a variety of whole plant foods" is close to the whole answer.

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Pumpkin seeds, chickpeas, and lentils representing vegan zinc sourcesVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Zinc (Vegan Bioavailability & Food Sources)

Zinc

Zinc is genuinely present in plant foods, but phytates in legumes, whole grains, and seeds reduce how much of it the body absorbs -- a real, NIH-acknowledged reason vegans and vegetarians typically need a higher intake target than omnivores.

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Dried nori sheets and seaweed in a bowl representing vegan iodine sourcesVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Iodine (Vegan Sources & Safety)

Iodine

Iodine is a genuinely two-sided nutrition concern for vegans: seaweed, the main plant source, has such wildly variable iodine content that both deficiency and excess are documented risks, unlike most nutrients where the concern runs in only one direction.

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A bowl of Brazil nuts beside grains and legumes representing vegan selenium sourcesVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Selenium (Vegan Sources & Brazil Nut Variability)

Selenium

Brazil nuts are the one reliably selenium-rich plant food, but individual nuts vary so enormously in selenium content that a casual daily handful habit is a genuine, documented route to selenium toxicity, not just a theoretical concern.

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Pea protein powder, hemp seeds, and a green smoothie representing vegan protein sourcesVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Plant Protein Powder (Vegan Blends)

Individual plant proteins are typically incomplete on their own, but blends that pair complementary sources -- most commonly pea and rice -- cover all nine essential amino acids, and head-to-head clinical trial data has found pea protein performs comparably to whey for muscle gains.

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Kale, spinach, wheatgrass, broccoli, and bowls of green powder representing greens powder supplementsVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Greens Powder (Ingredient Transparency & Evidence)

Greens powders are a convenience product, not a vegetable replacement -- dehydration and processing reduce nutrient and fiber content compared to whole vegetables, and proprietary blend labeling makes it genuinely hard to know how much of any individual ingredient a serving actually contains.

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Coconut, electrolyte powder, sea salt, and lemon water representing electrolyte supplementationVitamins, minerals & vegan nutrition

Electrolytes (Hydration Evidence)

Electrolyte supplements are widely marketed as necessary for preventing cramping and hyponatremia during exercise, but endurance-sport research has found that drinking beyond thirst -- not inadequate sodium replacement -- is the stronger predisposing factor for that specific danger.

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